North and South

Stories and Genealogy of Theodore Charles Anderson and Sara Carlene Shuttleworth

Crumbling Defences

General Lee at Gettysburg

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Contents:
	The Battle of Gettysburg Retreat from Gettysburg The First South Carolina Calvary The Melrose Plantation Tune "The Bonnie Blue Flag" References

The Battle of Gettysburg
	Historians think that General Lee never intended to have a major battle at Gettysburg; rather, he was really trying to reprovision his army. The plan for invading Pennsylvania was born from the desperation caused by the looming collapse of the Army of Northern Virginia if it remained where it was in war-ravaged central Virginia without adequate food and supplies for its men and fodder for its horses and mules. So, Lee decided to do the only thing he could do; he went to the closest place where there were provisions. That place was Pennsylvania. The Union Army wasn’t about to let him get away with this and, thus, one of the most famous battles of the war was fought in Gettysburg in the first days of July 1863.
Colonel John Logan Black, CSA (Ted’s 3rd cousin, 3 times removed) was there. John L. was born in Cherokee County, South Carolina on July 12, 1830. He was the son of US Representative James Augustus Black who died in Washington D.C. April 3, 1847. James Augustus was a very successful businessman. He owned the Kings Mountain Iron Works in Cherokee County, South Carolina. He also served as a Lieutenant during the War of 1812. James Augustus’ father was the Patriot Joseph Augustus Black who fought in the Battles of Cowpens and Eutaw Springs (visit Revolution in the South). In September 1850, at the age of 20, John Logan enrolled in the United States Military Academy at West Point when Robert E. Lee was Commandant. He left in 1853 without completing the required 4 years to become a commissioned officer in the United States Army. Instead, in October 1861 he enlisted in the Confederate Army and was assigned to the First Regiment of South Carolina Cavalry as a Lieutenant Colonel. He was promoted to full Colonel in June 1862. John Logan Black, CSA (circa 1863) At the Battle of Gettysburg, John L. was a member of Hampton’s Brigade under the command of J.E.B. Stuart, but he was terribly sick the whole time with typhoid fever. Most accounts of the Battle of Gettysburg describe it as lasting 3 days, from July 1st to July 3rd, but it really was a rolling affair that started in June when Lee began to maneuver his troops and quartermaster wagon trains into Pennsylvania. The major fighting at Gettysburg did end on July 3rd with a disaster to the Confederates known as Pickett’s Charge. By the end of the 3rd of July, 50,000 men had died at Gettysburg, nearly one of every three soldiers who participated in the battle.

Retreat from Gettysburg

On July 4th, Lee started to retreat, but he wanted to take all the provisions he had accumulated with him; which, after all, was why he was there in the first place. This was a fighting retreat and the Union Army wasn’t going to let him get away easily.

On July 6th, 1863 Colonel John Logan Black was ordered to proceed from Williamsport on the north bank of the Potomac River out along the Cumberland Valley Turnpike to organize the retreating cavalry, teamsters, wagoners, wounded soldiers and stragglers who stretched out all along the road.

In his memoirs, "Crumbling Defenses", John L. recounts:

I was ordered to take command of all loose bodies of cavalry and picked up a number until my command was 200 to 300 strong. I organized them into a kind of Regiment and by General Lee’s orders moved thro Chambersburg the next day (Sunday) and camped a few miles above, near a place called Pleasant Hill. While I had many good men, I also had a good many game-legged cusses and wagon rats. Yet, I managed to keep them in some kind of order and discipline. Tho, I heartedly wished both them and myself back at our own Regiments."

Following Lee’s retreat from Gettysburg, John L., after several other assignments, was ordered to the defense of James Island in the middle of Charleston harbor. After a terrible cannonade by the Union forces, James Island and along with it Charleston was lost.

Lee retreated all the way to Appomattox, where he finally surrendered on April 9, 1865, one week after John Logan’s 35th birthday.

The end of the Civil War came shortly thereafter.

The First South Carolina Calvary
The 1^st South Carolina Clavary's Regimential Flag Company F (This image of the flag was created by Charles R. Roibbins, Jr. and his brother from a colorless drawing done by their 3rd GreatGrandfather, Bright Burrell. For a wealth of information concerning the 1^st South Carolina Calvary visit http://www.adair-holland.com/1stsc.html) The colors of the flag are based on the thought that the red heart was its center; the blue field came from the Bonnie Blue Flag colors. The 1^st South Carolina Calvary was formed in 1861 and initally ordered up to Northern Virginia in the fall of 1862. It was assigned to General Wade Hampton's Brigade, where they participated in numerous battles and engagements such as Chambersburg, Fredericksburg, Brandy Station, Upperville, Gettysburg, Bristoe, Kelly's Ford, and Mine Run. Later, in the fall of 1864, it was ordered South to defend its native state and the surrounding areas. The 1^st South Carolina Cavalry served in the defense of the city of Savannah, and the Campaign of the Carolinas. The 1^st South Carolina Calvary started out as a Battallion. It was originally organized with six companies on October 31, 1861, per S.O. #198, Adjutant and Inspector General's Office. John Logan Black (then a Lieutenant Colonel) was its Commander and John D. Twiggs (then a Major) was its Field Officer. It was increased to nine companies in early 1862. It was increased to regimential size on June 25, 1862. John Logan Black (now a full Colonel) was its Commander. The Field Officers were: John D. Twiggs (now a Lieutenant Colonel), Niles Nesbitt (Major), Moses T. Owen (Major), and William A. Walker (Major). After it became a Regiment, the 1^st South Carolina Cavalry was assigned to duty in the Department of South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida. It served that command until late 1862. Then ordered north, the unit then saw service with the Army of Northern Virginia. It served in that Army until March 18, 1864. Returning to South Carolina, the regiment rejoined the Department of South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida, serving in that command until the spring of 1865. It then joined the Army of Tennessee, serving in that Army for the duration of the War. Listed below are the specific higher command assignments of the Regiment:
	1862 Cavalry, First Military District of South Carolina, Department of South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida June 30, 1862 Cavalry, Second Military District of South Carolina, Department of South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida Sept 25, 1862 Cavalry, First Military District of South Carolina, Department of South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida Nov 10, 1862 Hampton's Brigade, Cavalry, Army of Northern Virginia Dec 10, 1862 First Brigade, Cavalry, Army of Northern Virginia May 25, 1863 Hampton's Brigade, Cavalry Division, Army of Northern Virginia Sept 9, 1863 W.H.F. Lee's Brigade, Fitzhugh Lee's Division, Cavalry Corps, Army of Northern Virginia Dec 31, 1863 Young's Brigade, Hampton's Division, Cavalry Corps, Army of Northern Virginia July 1, 1864 Ripley's Brigade, First and Fourth Districts (consolidated), Department of South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida (Nine Comapnies) Oct 31, 1864 Cavalry, McLaws' Division, District of Georgia, Department of South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida (One Company) Ripley's Brigade, Second Sub-District, Department of South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida (Five Companies) Taliaferro's Brigade, Third Sub-District, Department of South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida (Six Companies) Post of Florence, South Carolina, Department of South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida Jan 31, 1865 Taliaferro's Division, Department of South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida (Company "K") Mercer's Brigade, Wright's Division, Department of South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida (Ten Companies) Harrison's Brigade, McLaws' Division, Department of South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida March 15, 1865 Bonham's Brigade, Cavalry Corps, Army of Tennessee April 9, 1865 Logan's Brigade, Cavalry Corps, Army of Tennessee
As a Regiment, the 1^st South Carolina Cavalry participated in a large number of engagements during its career:
	Feb 10, 1862 Skirmish, Barnwell Island, SC May 29, 1862 Skirmish, Pocotaglio, SC Jun 7, 1862 Skirmish, John's Island, SC Oct 1, 1862 Skirmish, Ocoquan, Dumfries, VA Oct 8-11, 1862 J.E.B. Stuart's Raid into MD and PA Oct 10, 1862 Action, Chambersburg, PA Nov 5, 1862 Action, Barbee's Cross Roads, VA Nov 28, 1862 Picket Affair, Hartwodd Church, VA Dec 12-15, 1862 The Battle of Fredericksburg, VA Dec 12, 1862 Skirmish, Dumfries, VA Dec 20, 1862 Skirmish, Dumfries, Ocoquan, VA Dec 27-28, 1862 Skirmishes, near Ocoquan, VA Feb 5-7, 1863 Operations at Rappahannock Bridge and Grove Church, VA Apr 27-May 6, 1863 The Battle of Chancellorsville, VA Apr 29-May 8, 1863 Operations against Stoneman's Raid, VA Jun 9, 1863 Engagement, Brandy Station, Beverly Ford, VA Jun 17, 1863 Action, Aldie, VA Jun 21, 1863 Engagement, Upperville, VA Jun 28, 1863 Skirmish, Rockville, MD Jun 30, 1863 Action, Hanover, PA Jul 1-3, 1863 The Battle of Gettysburg, PA Jul 4, 1863 Action, Monterey Gap, PA Jul 5-24, 1863 Retreat to near Manassas Gap, VA Jul 5, 1863 Skirmish, Fairfield, PA Jul 6, 1863 Action, Hagerstown, MD Jul 6, 1863 Action, Williamsport, MD Sep 10-11, 1863 Skirmishes, Stevensburg, VA Sep 11, 1863 Skirmish, Raccoon Ford, VA Sep 13, 1863 Skirmish, Stevensburg, VA Sep 14-16, 1863 Action, Raccoon Ford, Rapidan Station, VA Sep 15, 1863 Skirmish, Robertson's Ford, VA Sep 19, 1863 Skirmish, Raccoon Ford, VA Sep 21, 1863 Skirmish, Madison Court House, VA Sep 21-22, 1863 Skirmishes, White's Ford, VA Sep 22, 1863 Skirmish, Jack's Shop, Madison Court House, VA Sep 23, 1863 Action, Robertson's Ford, VA Oct 5-10, 1863 Skirmishes near James City, VA Oct 9-22, 1863 The Bristoe Campaign, VA Oct 10, 1863 Action, James City, Rappahannock, Robertson's River, VA Oct 12, 1863 Action, Warrenton, White Sulphur Springs, VA Oct 12, 1863 Action, Brandy Station, VA Oct 14, 1863 Skirmish, Brentsville, VA Oct 16, 1863 Skirmish, Oak Hill, VA Oct 19, 1863 Action, Buckland's Mills, VA Oct 19, 1863 Skirmish, Haymarket, VA Nov 7, 1863 Engagement, Kelly's Ford, VA Nov 18, 1863 Skirmish, near Germania Ford, VA Nov 26-Dec 2, 1863 The Battle of Mine Run Nov 27, 1863 Action, New Hope Church, VA Nov 29-30, 1863 Skirmishes along Mile Run, VA Nov 29, 1863 Action, Parker's Store, VA May 26, 1864 Affair, Chapman's Ford, Ashepoo River, SC Nov 15-Dec 10, 1864 The Campaign against Savannah, GA (Sherman's March to the Sea) Dec 10-21, 1864 Siege, Savannah, GA Jan 30-April 26, 1865 The Campaign of the Carolinas Feb 4, 1865 Skirmish, Angley's Post Office, SC Feb 4, 1865 Skirmish, Buford's Ridge, SC Feb 8, 1865 Skirmish, Williston, SC Feb 8, 1865 Skirmish near White Post, SC Feb 12-13, 1865 Skirmishes, North Edisto River, SC Feb 14, 1865 Skirmish, Wolf's Plantation, SC Feb 15, 1865 Skirmish, Red Bank Creek, SC Feb 16-17, 1865 Skirmishes about Columbia, SC Feb 25, 1865 Skirmish, West's Cross Roads, SC Feb 26, 1865 Skirmish near Strouds' Mills, SC Feb 27, 1865 Skirmish, Mount Elon, SC Feb 28, 1865 Skirmish near Cheraw, SC Feb 28, 1865 Skirmish near Rocky Mount, SC Mar 3, 1865 Skirmish near Himsborough, SC Mar 4, 1865 Skirmish, Phillips' Cross Roads, SC Mar 8, 1865 Skirmish, Love's Bridge (Blue Bridge), SC Mar 8, 1865 Engagement, Monroe's Cross Roads, SC Mar 18, 1865 Skirmish near Benton's Cross Roads, NC Mar 19-21, 1865 The Battle of Bentonville, NC Mar 22, 1865 Skirmish, Hannah's Creek, NC Mar 31, 1865 Skirmish, Gulley's, NC Apr 10, 1865 Skirmish, Moccasin Swamp, NC Apr 11, 1865 Skirmish near Smithfield, NC
After four years of honorable and gallant service, the 1^st ended the war with the Army of Tennessee. It was surrendered to the Union Forces by General Josheph E. Johnston at Benett's House, Durham Station, NC on April 26, 1865.

The Melrose Plantation

Although not blood relatives, the Peay’s are interesting because their huge plantation was one of the most famous ones burned to the ground by General Sherman during his march through South Carolina and Georgia and is an example of the total destruction visited on the South.

Colonel Austin Ford Peay, son of Nicholas Peay and Keziah Ford was born June 29, 1777. He married Mary English, daughter of Joshua English and Sarah Adamson.

In 1807 Colonel Austin Ford Peay purchased from his sister-in-law Betty Hopkins, a large plantation at Flint Hill on the Wateree River in Fairfield County, South Carolina. He owned other lands but made his home at the Flint Hill Plantation, which he named "Melrose".

As it turned out, State Senator Joseph Addison Black (Ted's 3^rd cousin, three times removed and the Uncle of John Logan Black) bought his own plantation right next to Melrose on the WatreeRiver.

Many boats visited Melrose, carrying goods to and from Charleston. Loads of freight carrying silver, china and furniture from New York and Philadelphia came up the river by boat from Charleston shortly before the marriage of Col. Austin Peay’s oldest daughter, Martha Keziah Peay to his next door neighbor Senator Joseph Addison Black on December 30, 1830. They were the parents of Mary Peay Black, who was Colonel John Logan Black first wife (Mary was John L.’s 1^st cousin).

Colonel Austin F. Peay amassed a fortune before he died in 1841. He left Melrose along with other plantations and three hundred and fifty slaves to his son, Colonel Nicholas Adamson Peay.

Nicholas managed his estates well. He greatly improved the Melrose mansion and it soon became known as "The Palace" or "Peay’s Folly". Both he and his wife Martha died there before the Civil War, but his children lived on at Melrose.

General Sherman in his attempt to crush the South and its will to continue fighting destroyed everything in his path on his famous (or infamous) march through South Carolina and Georgia to the sea.

The following is a description of the destruction of Melrose taken verbatim from the "Charlotte Observer", Sunday, August 28, 1927.

Famous South Carolina Mansion Destroyed
by Sherman in 1865
Home of Colonel N. A. Peay, Palace of Greatest Beauty Destroyed by Enemy Troops
By Ellen Evans Hough

A barren summit with scattered bricks, large holes revealing evidence of fallen walls, thirteen inches thick, and a lone hut, formerly the laundry house, mark the place of South Carolina’s once most beautiful and extravagant mansion of the nineteenth century.

This "Palace", as it has been called by many, stood on the hill’s crest, having a vista of the surrounding country for a distance of about thirty miles, and was monarch of that territory until destroyed in the War Between the States by Sherman’s army on its march to the sea.

The destruction of the lovely historic residence of Col. Nicholas Adamson Peay, better known as “Old Peay Mansion” and “Peay’s Folly” has been classed with the ruining of “Millwood”, former elegant home of Gen. Wade Hampton, about five miles from Columbia, which was destroyed during the campaign of February, 1865 when Sherman’s army devasted South Carolina’s homes of splendor and barns of plenty.

Gothic columns still stand as a memorial to the home of the former governor of South Carolina, the posts being all that was left of the home after Sherman’s visit to the state.

The "Old Peay Mansion" still renowned for its former splendor, was a massive structure covering three-quarters of an acre, and said to have been the largest dwelling in the state at that time. It was built of brick, granite, and Italian marble, imported for that purpose and fragments of the materials are still scattered over the hill to prove the tale. It was never fully completed due to the death of Col. Peay and the war between the states, but the interior was of unusual beauty.

"Peay’s Folly" was the name by which it was most commonly known; the name being given by the citizens, who considered it foolish for a man to build a home of such lavishness so far from the railroads.

It contained thirty rooms, and though waterworks were hardly known at that time, the house was completely equipped with such a system, the water being pumped by hydraulic ram over the hills from a cool spring of a deep ravine.

A most unusual and interesting feature was an observatory on the top of the house. Many thought that it was a fish pond on the roof, the idea coming from the negroes, who saw the reflection of the sun on the glittering tin and though they saw rippling water.

One hundred and fifty servants were kept by Colonel Peay; that being the time when Southern hospitality was paramount. The famous stable, said to have been prettier than the average brick home of today, was always well filled with at least a dozen aristocratic horses with a separate attendant for each horse. In a nearby ravine was a privately owned tanyard.

Besides his personal servants there were five hundred slaves, all the property of the Colonel. These, of course were set free when the house was burned.

Two handsome granite posts, which have stood the test of war and time, formed an imposing entrance to the grounds until but recently, when they were dismantled and sold. They have since been presented to the Presbyterian Church, directly across the road from the site of the former Peay home, and have been erected at the gate leading into the cemetery, where they will probably remain always, reminders of the lovely home which was destroyed by enemy troops.

It is well known that the house was the result of competition between the former Governor Manning and Colonel Peay, who were trying to outdo each other in the building of elegant homes.

The only living child of the Peay family is Mrs. Annie Peay Bray who is now living with her daughter, Mrs. J. R. Carson, in Chester, SC. Mrs. Bray is seventy-eight years old and remembers many things never told about the event.

She was one of six children. Both she and Mrs. Carson have many relics, family pictures and antiques which were removed from the house by the slaves, who were allowed to ransack the house after the federal soldiers had secured all they wanted, before burning it. Some of the things saved at that time came back into the family after the war by securing them from the negroes, nothing, however was saved by the family at the time of destruction.

The gradual rise of the hill upon which the mansion stood prevents realizing its elevation of seven hundred feet but once upon its summit there can immediately be detected a change in the atmosphere, and there is an unusual wild beauty in the far-reaching view.

North can be seen a succession of hills, but none are so high as the site of “Peay’s Folly.” Like a tan ribbon circling a distant hill, the Wateree River winds its way parallel to the land of the “Old Peay Mansion”.

On a higher hill, above and across the river, more than twelve miles away, may be seen the home town of the governor of South Carolina, Governor John G. Richards.

Tenants, who live near by, say that on clear nights that the flare of lights from surrounding towns may be seen.

Colonel Nicholas A. Peay, affectionately called, Colonel “Nick” Peay, who owned the famous “American Palace” possessed approximately nine thousand acres of land in Fairfield County, as shown by records now in Winnsboro courthouse. This land was centered about the home place, which is twenty miles southeast of Winnsboro, and ten miles from the present site of Lugoff dam, on the Wateree River, in the Longtown Section.

He was one of the wealthiest men of his day, and though he died before the War Between the States, the house was still in the family at the time it was so ruthlessly destroyed.

He was a great scholar, having received his education at Columbia University and at the University of Virginia. He died at the age of forty-seven, on the 26th day of February, 1857. He was a member of the House of Representatives in South Carolina, also.

The original home site is now owned by a Floridian, Mr. Sam McCormick, but the majority of the estate belongs to the Southern Power Company, the arable land being farmed by the Great Falls Farm Company.

A monument of unique design covers the graves of Colonel Peay and his wife, Martha Cary Lamar Peay, and it may be found on the family lot in the cemetery of the Long-town Baptist Church. It is composed of many layers of granite slabs of uniform width, which diminish in length with each layer like steps, until at the top it is but wide enough for a slender monument.

This pyramid covers the two graves like a vault, and two sides are dedicated to him, while the other two bear inscriptions regarding his wife. Designs of weeping willows and two blending hearts are cut alternately on the four sides of the tomb. There is no way of entering the high granite obstruction which surrounds the lot and the only view obtainable is over the four-foot wall.

As to the destruction of the palace, February 20, 1865, it has been ascertained that the Fifteenth Corps of the right wing of Sherman’s army, under the command of General Oliver Otis Howard, was responsible.

On the day after Columbia was burned the right wing was sent northward. We have Sherman’s own words for this advance from the capital recorded in his “Memoirs”, (Vol. 11, page 288). He says; “Having utterly ruined Columbia, the right wing began its march northward, to Winnsboro, on the 20th” (February, 1865). And Winnsboro was likewise burned. The Fifteenth Corps, according to Sherman’s “Memoirs” were noted “for doing their work well.”

Every American citizen is familiar with General Sherman’s famous march to the sea - all agreeing that its success broke the backbone of succession - and that there was a special spite against South Carolina as the originator of the whole trouble.

Again we have Sherman’s own words for the feeling against the state. In his “Memoirs” (page 226) there is a dispatch from him to Gen. W. H. Halleck, dated Headquarters in the Field, Savannah, GA, December 24, 1864. It reads, “The truth is the whole army is burning with insatiable desire to wreak vengeance upon South Carolina. I almost tremble at her fate; but feel that she deserves all that seems in store for her.”

Thus, it does not seem strange that the magnificent Peay mansion was not left unmolested by the wreckers, as it possessed the very type of luxury desired for destruction.

The whole federal army was divided into two wings, with Gen. Oliver Otis Howard, then a one-armed man, having lost an arm in the battle of Fair Oaks in 1862, in charge of the right wing, and Gen. Henry W. Slocum, the first gen¬eral to enter Atlanta with his troops, in charge of the left wing.

They covered the entire state and, including the state capital and the already mentioned Winnsboro, there were fourteen towns partially or wholly burned by the army. These towns were Robertsville, McPhersonville, Grahamville, Barnwell, Blackville, Orangeburg, Lexington, Camden, Winnsboro, Lancaster, Chesterfield, Cheraw, Darlington and Columbia.

One accident at the time of the burning of the house and known to be true was the death of one of the federal officers, who rode his horse up the low built steps leading into the house, and down into the well-stocked wine cellar. After drinking many of the various brands with the air of a connoisseur, he was not sober enough to find his way out of the cellar, so when the house was ignited he burned with it.

Tune "The Bonnie Blue Flag" The introductory tune used on this page is the song, "The Bonnie Blue Flag".
	The Bonnie Blue Flag, also known as "We Are a Band of Brothers", is an 1861 marching song associated with the Confederate States of America. The words were written by Harry McCarthy, with the melody taken from "The Irish Jaunting Car". The song's title refers to the unofficial first Flag of the Confederacy, the "Bonnie Blue Flag that bears a single star" of the chorus.
Lyrics: The first verse of the song goes like this: We are a band of brothers and native to the soil, Fighting for our liberty with treasure, blood and toil; And when our rights were threatened, the cry rose near and far, Hurrah! for the Bonnie Blue Flag that bears a single star. The first line explains the song's alternate title. The second line is very often given as "fighting for the property we gained by honest toil". These were not the original lyrics and the line has been explained as an attempt at historical revisionism for political purposes. A copy of the original 1861 Song Sheet posted on a website by Professor Steve Schoenherr of the University of San Diego seems to indicate that the opening verse was in fact: We are a band of brothers, natives of the soil, Fighting for our property we gained by honest toil; But when our rights were threatened the cry rose near and far, Hurrah for the Bonnie Blue Flag that bears a single star. Whether this indicates support for slavery or not can be disputed, as it could also refer to other property rights. According to Professor Schoenherr, the song sheet was first published in 1861 by a Mr. A.E. Blackmar and Brother in New Orleans. When Major General Benjamin Butler captured New Orleans, he allegedly arrested Mr. Blackmar, destroyed all copies of the music, and ordered that anyone caught whistling or singing "The Bonnie Blue Flag" would be fined $25 (about $500 in 2007). It should also be noted that 11 other editions of the song were published with different lyrics. A performance of the song in the 2003 film Gods and Generals, in a scene set in a Confederate camp which includes cameo appearances by Ted Turner and U.S. Senators George Felix Allen (R-Va) and Robert Byrd (D-WV). Lyrics and melody to the song, including a refutation of the alternate lyrics

References:
"Retreat from Gettysburg" by Kent Masterson Brown, "Lee’s Lieutenants", by Douglas Southall Freeman, "Crumbling Defenses", the memoirs of John Logan Black, Edited and Published by Eleanor D. McSwain, Macon, Georgia http://www.adair-holland.com/1stsc.html "South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine", Vol 43 "History of Fairfield County", South Carolina by Fitzhugh McMaster, State Printing Company, Columbia, SC, 1946 "The Charlotte Observer", Sunday, August 28, 1927 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Bonnie_Blue_Flag


This page and all genealogical data contained on it are Copyrighted © 2007/2008 by Theodore C. Anderson